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Frequently asked questions

Answers to common questions about our land and engineering survey services and the sectors we work in. Filter by service or sector to find what you need.

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How long does a topographical survey take?

Most residential plots are surveyed in a single day, with drawings issued within a few working days. Larger sites are scheduled to suit your programme. We’ll give you a clear timescale with your quotation.

What accuracy can I expect from a topographical survey?

Accuracy depends on the specification, but typical survey detail is captured to within a few millimetres to a couple of centimetres. It’s always tied to OS National Grid and Ordnance Datum Newlyn unless you need a local grid.

How much does a topographical survey cost?

Cost depends on site size, level of detail and access. Send us a location plan and a brief description of the project and we’ll provide a fixed quotation.

What is included in a topographical survey?

A standard topographical survey records ground levels, buildings, boundaries, kerbs, walls, fences, trees with canopy spreads, drainage covers, street furniture and visible services. We agree the exact feature list and level of detail with you before we visit site.

Do I need a topographical survey for a planning application?

Many local planning authorities expect an accurate site plan showing levels and existing features, and architects need one to produce a compliant design. A topographical survey gives your design team a reliable base for site layouts, sections and street scenes.

Can you survey underground services and drainage?

We record visible features such as manhole covers, gullies and valve boxes, and can lift covers to measure invert levels, pipe sizes and connections. If you need buried utilities traced and mapped, we can arrange a specialist utility survey alongside the topographical survey.

What information do you need to set out a site?

Ideally coordinated CAD drawings tied to a site grid or OS grid, along with any existing control. If your drawings aren’t coordinated, we can create a setting out model from your architect’s or engineer’s design.

Can you provide a site engineer for a full project?

Yes. We can provide regular or full-time site engineering support, covering setting out, levels, quantities and as-built checks.

How accurate is construction setting out?

Using robotic total stations, GNSS and precise levels from a checked control network, we routinely set out to the tolerances specified by your engineer, typically within a few millimetres for structures and building grids.

How quickly can you attend site for setting out?

From our Newbury base we can often attend sites across Berkshire and neighbouring counties at short notice. For planned works we’ll schedule visits around your programme so trades are never left waiting.

Do you check the design drawings before setting out?

Yes. We check dimensions, coordinates and levels for errors and inconsistencies before going to site, and raise any queries with the design team. This avoids costly mistakes being built into the ground.

What do you leave on site after setting out?

We leave clearly marked and labelled pegs, nails, profiles or paint marks as required, plus coordinate schedules and control station details so your site team can work confidently from them.

Is laser scanning more expensive than a traditional survey?

Not necessarily. For complex buildings and sites, laser scanning often saves money overall. It cuts time on site, removes the need for return visits, and gives your designers more information than a traditional survey would.

What file formats do you supply for laser scanning?

We supply point clouds in E57, RCP and LAS formats, and drawings and models in DWG, DXF, PDF and Revit (RVT). We can also match your company CAD and BIM standards.

How accurate is 3D laser scanning?

Registered point clouds tied to survey control are typically accurate to a few millimetres across a building or site. We check every registration against independent control and report the accuracy achieved.

Can you create a Revit or BIM model from a laser scan?

Yes. We can model buildings and structures from the point cloud to the level of detail you specify, producing Revit models, 2D plans, sections and elevations for design and facilities management.

How long does a laser scan survey take?

Scanning is fast: a typical house or small commercial unit can be captured in a few hours, and larger buildings in a day or two. Processing and drafting time depends on the deliverables you need.

Can you scan a building while it is occupied?

Yes. Laser scanning is non-intrusive and quick, so we can work around occupants, staff and customers, or schedule scanning out of hours to avoid disruption.

How often should monitoring be carried out?

Frequency depends on the risk and the stage of work. It can be daily during critical excavation and piling, then weekly or monthly as conditions stabilise. We’ll agree a schedule with your engineer.

How accurate is survey monitoring?

With precise instruments, forced-centring and repeated observations, we typically detect movements of a few millimetres or less, depending on site conditions and sight lines.

What are trigger levels in monitoring?

Trigger levels are agreed movement thresholds, usually green, amber and red, set by your engineer. Each set of readings is compared against them, and we notify you immediately if an amber or red level is approached or exceeded.

When is a baseline monitoring survey needed?

A baseline survey should be carried out before any works start that could affect a structure. It records the original position of every target so that later movement can be measured accurately and objectively.

Do you provide monitoring for party wall agreements?

Yes. We install targets on neighbouring buildings and monitor them before, during and after excavation or piling, giving party wall surveyors and owners clear evidence of any movement.

How are monitoring results reported?

After each visit we issue a concise report with movement tables, time-displacement graphs and target plans. Data can also be supplied in spreadsheet formats for your engineer’s own analysis.

Can you check or re-establish existing site control?

Yes. We regularly audit existing control networks, identify disturbed stations and re-establish or densify control as a project progresses.

Do you work on local site grids?

We work on OS National Grid, local engineering grids or bespoke low-distortion grids. We can supply the transformation parameters between them.

What is a survey control network?

A survey control network is a framework of permanent reference points with precisely known coordinates and heights. Every subsequent survey, setting out and monitoring operation is measured from it, keeping all data consistent.

Why is least squares adjustment used?

Least squares adjustment combines all the observations in a network to produce the most statistically reliable coordinates. It also reports the precision of every station, so you know exactly how accurate the control is.

How are control stations marked on site?

We monument stations to suit the site and how long they need to last, using survey nails, ground markers, concrete pillars or wall-mounted targets. Each one is documented with a witness diagram and photographs.

Is GNSS accurate enough for survey control?

GNSS is excellent for establishing control over larger areas and tying a site to OS National Grid. For the highest local precision we combine it with total station traversing and precise levelling.

When should an as-built survey be carried out?

As-built checks can be carried out at key stages, such as after foundations, drainage or the frame, and at completion. Surveying progressively catches issues while they are still easy to fix.

Can you produce as-built drawings for adoption?

Yes. We can produce as-built drawings to meet the requirements of highway authorities and water companies for adoption.

What is the difference between an as-built survey and a topographical survey?

A topographical survey records a site as it exists for design purposes. An as-built survey records completed works and compares them against the design, highlighting any deviations for verification and handover.

Can you survey drainage for as-built records?

Yes. We record manhole positions, cover and invert levels, pipe sizes, materials and connections, producing drainage as-built drawings suitable for O&M manuals and adoption submissions.

How are deviations from design reported?

We compare surveyed positions and levels against your design model and produce deviation reports or colour-coded plans showing where works are within or outside tolerance.

Do you use laser scanning for as-built surveys?

Where structures or interiors are complex, we use 3D laser scanning to capture a complete as-built record in one visit, then extract drawings, models or deviation analysis from the point cloud.

Do I need a survey before earthworks start?

For the most accurate earthworks volumes, yes. A pre-works topographical survey gives you a reliable baseline to compare against. If none exists, we can use design levels or historic data.

How quickly can you turn around a volume report?

Stockpile and interim valuation reports are typically issued within one to two working days of the site visit.

How accurate are stockpile volume surveys?

Accuracy depends on the stockpile’s shape and the survey density, but surveying with total stations, GNSS or laser scanning typically gives volumes well within the tolerances needed for valuations and stock control.

Can you calculate cut and fill against a design?

Yes. We compare existing ground surveys with your design surface to calculate cut, fill and net volumes, supported by isopachyte plans and cross-sections.

Do you convert volumes to tonnages?

We report volumes in cubic metres. If you provide material bulk densities, we can include estimated tonnages in the report.

Is it safe to survey large stockpiles?

Yes. For large or unstable stockpiles we use laser scanning from safe positions, so nobody needs to climb or walk on the material.

Which standards do you survey floors to?

We commonly survey to Concrete Society TR34 (free movement FM classes and defined movement DM classes). We can also report to DIN 18202 and other specifications on request.

Can you tell us where a floor needs grinding?

Yes. Our error maps and grinding plans show exactly where corrective grinding is needed to bring a floor into tolerance.

What is the difference between free movement and defined movement floors?

Free movement floors allow vehicles to travel in any direction, as in most warehouses. Defined movement floors are for very narrow aisle (VNA) trucks that travel in fixed paths and need much tighter tolerances along each aisle.

When should a floor flatness survey be carried out?

Floors are usually surveyed shortly after construction for acceptance, before racking or automated systems are installed, and whenever a change of use or new equipment needs tighter tolerances.

How long does a floor survey take?

Survey time depends on floor area and classification. Most warehouse floors can be surveyed in one or two visits, with reports issued promptly after processing.

Can you survey existing floors before installing new racking or robots?

Yes. Condition surveys of existing floors show whether they meet the tolerances needed for new racking, VNA trucks or robotic systems, and where remedial work is required.

Can you provide survey support for the whole build programme?

Yes. We can provide everything from the initial topographical survey through regular setting out visits to final as-built and adoption drawings, all measured from the same control network.

How quickly can you get to a construction site?

From our Newbury base we can usually attend sites across Berkshire and neighbouring counties at short notice. Get in touch with your programme and we’ll confirm availability.

Do you supply construction survey data in our CAD format?

Yes. We deliver DWG, DXF, PDF, LandXML and point cloud formats, and can work to your company CAD templates and layer standards.

Do your surveyors hold CSCS cards?

Our surveyors follow site safety requirements and inductions on every project. Let us know your site’s specific card and induction requirements when you request a quote.

Can you monitor neighbouring buildings during excavation?

Yes. We install targets and monitor adjacent structures before, during and after excavation or piling, reporting movement against agreed trigger levels.

Can you calculate earthworks quantities for valuations?

Yes. Our volumetric surveys provide independent cut, fill and stockpile quantities to support interim valuations and final accounts.

Can your surveyors work on secure defence sites?

Yes. We plan visits around site access, escort and security requirements and follow your site rules. Let us know the clearance and induction requirements when you request a quote.

How is survey data handled on defence projects?

We agree data handling, storage and transfer arrangements with you before work starts, and only collect what the task needs.

Can you survey airfields and hardstandings?

Yes. We carry out topographical, level and as-built surveys of airfield pavements, roads and hardstandings, tied to robust survey control.

Do you work as a subcontractor to defence main contractors?

Yes. We regularly support main contractors and consultants, working to their programmes, specifications and reporting requirements.

Can you record existing technical buildings and hangars?

Yes. 3D laser scanning captures complete, accurate records of hangars, workshops and plant rooms for refurbishment design and asset management.

Can you provide long-term survey control for large estates?

Yes. We establish permanent, well-documented control networks so that surveys carried out years apart remain consistent across the estate.

Can you survey both the land and the buildings on an estate?

Yes. We combine topographical surveys of the grounds with laser-scanned measured building surveys, so you get one coordinated dataset for the whole property.

Do you provide floor plans for lettings or space planning?

Yes. Laser scanning lets us produce accurate floor plans, sections and elevations that suit lease plans, space planning and refurbishment design.

Can you help with a development appraisal?

Yes. A topographical survey gives you accurate levels, boundaries and features to assess site capacity, access and constraints before committing to a design.

Do you survey rural estates and farmland?

Yes. We survey country estates, farm buildings and land across West Berkshire and the surrounding counties, using GNSS and total station methods suited to large areas.

Can you produce elevations of existing buildings?

Yes. From a laser scan we produce accurate elevation drawings showing windows, doors, materials and roof lines for planning and refurbishment.

Can you monitor a building where movement is suspected?

Yes. We set up monitoring targets and take repeat readings to measure whether a building or wall is moving, giving your engineer objective data.

Is laser scanning safe for historic fabric?

Yes. Laser scanning is completely non-contact, so nothing touches delicate surfaces, and fragile or high-level areas can be recorded from the ground.

Can you produce drawings for listed building consent?

Yes. We produce accurate plans, elevations and sections from the point cloud, suitable for architects preparing listed building consent applications.

How detailed can a heritage survey be?

Laser scanning captures millions of points, recording mouldings, carvings, distortions and irregular walls. Drawings and models can then be produced at whatever level of detail your conservation team needs.

Can you create a digital archive of a historic building?

Yes. A registered point cloud forms a permanent, measurable digital record that can be revisited for future repairs, research or in the event of damage.

Can you monitor cracks or movement in historic buildings?

Yes. We set up precise monitoring of walls, cracks and structures during repairs or nearby works, using a consistent control network so changes can be measured reliably over time.

Do you survey churches and country houses?

Yes. We survey churches, country houses, listed buildings and historic structures, planning access carefully to protect sensitive interiors.

Do you provide monitoring for works next to railways and highways?

Yes. We design and run monitoring regimes for track, embankments, bridges and retaining walls, with agreed trigger levels and prompt reporting.

Can you establish control for long linear schemes?

Yes. We combine GNSS, traversing and precise levelling, with least squares adjustment, to give consistent control along the full length of a scheme.

How do you minimise disruption on live roads?

We plan surveys around traffic management and quieter periods, and use remote methods such as laser scanning to reduce time spent near live carriageways.

Can you survey bridges and culverts?

Yes. We survey bridges, culverts and retaining structures for design, condition records and movement monitoring, often combining total stations and laser scanning.

Do you provide as-built surveys for highway adoption?

Yes. We produce as-built drawings of roads, kerbs, drainage and street furniture to meet the requirements of highway authorities.

Can you support utility diversion projects?

Yes. We provide topographical surveys for design, setting out for construction and as-built records of diverted services and drainage.

Can you survey while our facility is operating?

Usually, yes. Laser scanning is fast and non-intrusive, and we can schedule work around shifts, shutdowns or out-of-hours windows.

Do you check floors for automated or robotic systems?

Yes. Our surface regularity surveys check floor flatness and levelness against the tolerances required for racking, VNA trucks and automated systems.

Can you set out machinery and holding-down bolts?

Yes. We set out machine bases, plinths and holding-down bolts precisely to your installation drawings, and check them before equipment arrives.

Can a laser scan help plan a new production line?

Yes. A 3D scan of the existing facility lets engineers design new lines around real conditions, check clashes with structure and services, and plan installation before work starts.

Do you provide updated factory layout drawings?

Yes. We produce accurate, up-to-date layout plans of factories and warehouses, including columns, racking, plant and services.

Can you measure stockpiles of bulk materials?

Yes. Our volumetric surveys measure stockpiles of aggregates and bulk materials for stock control and audits.

Can you survey occupied schools and healthcare buildings?

Yes. We plan work during holidays, evenings or quiet periods where possible, and follow your safeguarding and site access procedures.

Can you work through public sector procurement?

Yes. We give clear, itemised quotations and can work under purchase orders or frameworks managed by your consultants.

Do you survey sites for new schools and extensions?

Yes. We provide topographical surveys of school sites and measured building surveys of existing buildings to support design and planning.

Can you monitor ageing public structures?

Yes. We monitor walls, bridges and other ageing structures to help asset managers make informed maintenance decisions.

Do you provide measured surveys of civic buildings?

Yes. Laser scanning produces accurate plans, sections and elevations of town halls, libraries, leisure centres and other civic buildings.

Can you support public realm and highway schemes?

Yes. We survey streets, parks and public spaces for design, set out new works and record them on completion.

Can you survey outside trading hours?

Yes. We regularly survey early in the morning, in the evening or overnight to avoid disrupting customers and staff.

How fast can you deliver a measured survey for a fit-out?

Laser scanning keeps time on site short. Floor plans and elevations for a typical unit can usually be issued within a few working days.

Can you survey shopping centres and retail parks?

Yes. We survey internal malls, units, service yards and car parks, combining laser scanning with topographical survey methods.

Do you survey hotels, pubs and restaurants?

Yes. We produce measured surveys of hospitality venues for refurbishment, extensions and licensing plans.

Can you check floor flatness in stores and cold rooms?

Yes. Our surface regularity surveys check floors for stores, cold rooms and distribution areas against the required tolerances.

Can you survey car parks for resurfacing or reconfiguration?

Yes. We record levels, markings, drainage and kerbs so designers can plan resurfacing, layout changes and EV charging installations.